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[2], A water brake windmill built at the Institute for Agricultural Techniques in 1974. I thoroughly enjoyed the article on heating with windmills. No reviews. BEST SOLAR VENT: Master Flow 500 CFM Solar Powered Roof Mount Exhaust. A solar thermal collector skips the conversion to electricity and supplies renewable thermal energy in a direct and more efficient way. It transferred the rotational energy from its wind rotor directly to the axis of a machine, for example for sawing wood or grinding grain. [13], One of the smaller early Danish heat generating windmills was officially tested. The question is how does one turn the heat producing source (the windmill)on and off. Posted by: I would love to learn more about the feasibility of those mills as heating system for small houses. Lathechuck | This is comparable to the heat output of the smallest electric boilers for space heating. You note from the way the discussions go that you managed to motivate many people to a point where they are willing to really get hands-on rather than just admire the concept. A Calorius windmill producing up to 4 kW of heat. The heat storage tank of a water brake windmill works like any other heating boiler. Or would it be better to generate e-power all the time if the turbine is capable of it? A mechanical heat pump is simply a heat pump without the electric motor instead, the wind rotor is directly connected to the compressor(s) of the heat pump. Posted by: or nuclear stuff) but it seems like a Water-brake wind system could be Could this heat storage via water tank double as a way to store potable water? I'm very curious to read those results, but you did not provide the link you are talking about Posted by: 5 6. Has anyone out there done any experimentations of their own? fake by any means necessary jacket. Interesting article! A heat generator based on this principle is basically a wind-powered mixer or impeller installed into an insulated tank filled with water. I would be interested if a mechanical windmill could be coupled with cryogenic energy storage. Beneath a critical wind speed, the compressor will lack the rotational speed to compress the heat transfer fluid back to liquid. Mr Beams. Photonic Universe provides a useful chart that matches the power consumption of electrical items you intend to use in your shed, to the power rating required from your inverter, which well discuss in the next section. Photo by Ricard Matzen. Posted by: Or some pointers on the formulas to figure this out ourselves? , erneckien, Jurgita, and Tadas dankus. Like the stangenkunst that you dedicated a few articles too? Online shopping for Patio, Lawn & Garden from a great selection of Solar Panels, Energy Controllers, Solar & Wind Power Parts & Accessories, Solar & Wind Power Inverters & more at everyday low prices. 1 In temperate or cold climates, the share of thermal energy is even higher. February 27, 2019 at 11:45 PM. The heat medium would be work done inside the house by the electricity. The main point was that there's no way for direct heating to be that much more efficient than using electricity as an intermediate energy form. metals), no generator, fewer controls necessary (associated with frequency control, transformation etc), turn rotational motion directly into heat (especially if all you want is the heat from the wind). Even the International Energy Agency doesn't mention direct conversion of wind into heat when it presents all possible options for renewable heat production. Water brake windmills don't need steam turbines. It makes so much sense. One cubic meter of heated water (1 ton, 1,000 liters) can hold up to 90 kWh of heat, which is roughly one to two days of supply for a household of four persons. Not sure about your approach though. Source: [13]. Image provided by the Nordic Folkecenter in Denmark. For the moment, there's no other option than to build a water brake windmill from scratch. Or fastest delivery Fri, Feb 17 . [2] If we only look at households, thermal energy for space and water heating in temperate and cold climates can be 60-80% of total domestic energy demand. Do you just need a couple of lights for occasional use, or do you plan to run broadband, a computer, heating, or a host of power tools? To work out the power rating of your inverter, simply add up the required wattage of all the equipment youll be using. February 27, 2019 at 08:02 PM. 1. Could be a topic for a future article. Kris De Decker | And there's also hot water production for washing and cleaning. In short, the heat generating windmill addresses the main disadvantages of wind power: its low power density, and its intermittency. This involves one less energy conversion, which makes the combination at least 10% more energy efficient than an electric heat pump driven by a wind turbine. First, and most importantly, mechanical windmills are less complex, which makes them more affordable and less resource-intensive to build, and which increases their lifetime. Does anyone have a step-by-step instruction of how to build one that is functional in "actual size", not just a model for display? Like the stangenkunst that you dedicated a few articles too? Great work and service that you are providing! Of course that's impossible, so what the author wrote is obviously not what he meant. 7 8 9, Image; a heating system based on a water brake windmill. https://www.highviewpower.com/technology/. As the team atWind & Sun explains: Wind turbines can be roof mounted or pole mounted. Fourth International Conference on Environmental and Computer Science (ICECS 2011), Singapore, Sept. 2011. Midsummer Energysupplies a range of kits for solar power, whileWind & Sunhas some good offerings for wind power. The Wind Heater by Korean designer Jihae Kim presents a sustainable technological heating solution during harsh winters. The printed archives of Low-tech Magazine now amount to four volumes with a total of 2,398 pages and 709 images. kris de decker | Beneath a critical wind speed, the compressor will lack the rotational speed to compress the heat transfer fluid back to liquid. But that's because you heat people, not spaces. Posted by: In a 2011 paper, German and UK scientists write that small and remote households in northern regions demand thermal energy rather than electricity, and therefore wind turbines in such places should be build for thermal energy generation. For example in the UK, heat counts for almost half of total energy use. The researchers explain and illustrate the workings of the water brake windmill, and calculate the optimal performance of the technology. 2) Open fireside BBQ grill with charcoal. Davide Honey | March 01, 2019 at 08:07 PM. February 28, 2019 at 08:59 PM. Ian Speer | The convolutions used (and I'm only guessing here) is that 70% efficiency means 30% loss, and that 90% efficient means 10% loss, so 1/3 the loss is the same as a 3x gain. February 28, 2019 at 12:36 AM. This prevents automated programs from posting comments. Very interesting article! Kris - thanks a lot for this great article, very inspiring! Obviously, its not always stormy weather, which means that the average wind speed is at least as important. "Expanding the horizons of power-to-heat: Cost assessment for new space heating concepts with Wind Powered Thermal Energy Systems." Energy 164 (2018): 925-936. Ideas anyone? It was found that the torque-speed characteristics of wind rotor and impeller must be carefully matched to achieve maximum efficiency. All text in Danish, but Google translate is your friend! They are in their seventies and eighties now, some of them have passed away. The idea of direct conversion of meccanical energy of a windmill into heat is so simple that it seems impossible it has not been applied on a large scale yet. We are in Perth in Western Australia. Dozens of Danish tinkerers did in the 1970s and 1980s. If you need to plug in a computer and mobile phone, the inverter would need a continuous power rating of 150W + 600W = 750W. We looked carefully at direct water heating via the actual PV panels and found there are two manufacturers (one French and the other Turkish) but they only seem to be effective at lower temperatures such as pool heating plus we have long very hot summers and solar water heaters tend to spend summers venting hot water to avoid overheating in any case. Has anyone out there done any experimentations of their own? Budget space heater pick: Lasko 754200 Ceramic Heater. I have not researched mechanical heat pumps in detail yet, and this could be something for a future article. This is only a preview. Or they could be fabricated locally. [1] In temperate or cold climates, the share of thermal energy is even higher. Great article. Most used simple wooden blades. Almost nobody knows that a windmill can produce heat directly. Still, thanks for expanding our horizon of the possible! Essentially one of these: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_pump_and_refrigeration_cycle#Gas_cycle - they're not technically as efficient as a phase change, but if it's simpler and there are fewer moving parts, it might be a win. Luckily there are greener ways of heating your shelter this season without using electricity: 1) Fireplace and kerosene heater. Much simpler, less material (i.e. The hot water is stored in a tank. One option is to use source heat that does not have to be maintained and a storage tank. You can install a bank of more than one battery to increase the available power store. Pro Breeze Mini Heater - Ceramic Fan Heater perfect for Desks and Tables - Personal PTC Heater, White Read Review. Because the Danes already had a strong DIY-culture for small wind turbines generating electricity on farms, they started building windmills to heat their houses. @Kris I'm not seeing the contradiction in [15]. 1, The original type of heat generating windmill converts rotational energy directly into heat by generating friction in water, using a so-called water brake or Joule Machine. For example, for the very small Savonius windmill that the scientists used as a model (0.5m rotor diameter, 2m tower), it was calculated that the impeller diameter should be 0.388m. Posted by: Final Words. The lower 10 meters of the 20 meter high tower were filled up with 15 tonnes of water in an insulated reservoir. We receive very little for any exported power so self-consumption is preferred. Posted by: A mechanical windmill can also be coupled to a mechanical heat pump, which can be cheaper than using a gas boiler or an electric heat pump driven by a wind turbine. 7, Further into the 1980s, Knud Berthou built the most sophisticated heat generating windmill to date: the LO-FA. In the meantime, if anyone else has more info, feel free to share it. It makes so much sense. I went looking for a source for eddy current heaters, however, and came up with nothing. If your shed is located in a very shady position, then the lack of sunshine even on bright days could limit the amount of electricity generated. 7, A much larger water brake windmill (7.5m rotor diameter, 17m tower) was built in 1982 by the Svaneborg brothers, and heated the house of one of them (the other brother opted for a wind turbine and an electric heating system). Could be a topic for a future article. It appears much of the ancillary apparatus could be sourced many places. We are a team of researchers at Engineering Dept, MUN working on a wind powered heat generator which could one day help you save on your heating bills. Panels fitted to a roof can be neat and unobtrusive, unlike the more obvious presence of a wind turbine. Dozens of Danish tinkerers did in the 1970s and 1980s. Sorry for the silly question! That way it would be kept simple. There are quite a few district heating systems which use waste heat from electricity generation or industrial plants (usually nasty fossil or nuclear stuff) but it seems like a Water-brake wind system could be plugged into these to make them greener. No. Brendan Howell | One cubic meter of heated water (1 ton, 1,000 liters) can hold up to 90 kWh of heat, which is roughly one to two days of supply for a household of four persons. The problem is that almost nobody knows this. The heat medium would be work done inside the house by the electricity. Purely for the sake of exploring ideas I will pursue my original train of thought anyway ;). Or they could be fabricated locally. Cao, Karl-Kin, et al. See our Would the amount of water in radiators be reduced or increased based on how hot or cool you'd want? *maybe buffered by an hour or two of battery back-up to allow some flexibility. We are designing the device specifically for the needs of Newfoundlander and for that we want your input. Once you have a mechanical-input heat pump, it's a simple matter of rerouting the refrigerant flow as to whether the machine extracts heat from the outdoors, and brings it inside, or vice versa. Anthony | Photo by Ricard Matzen. Also great for even, oscillating heat . Please try again. . Almost nobody knows that a windmill can produce heat directly. 14 The researchers calculated that at the average wind speed in the country (4 m/s of Beaufort 3), generating one kilowatt of heat requires a windmill with a rotor diameter of 8.2 meters. A heat pump with mechanical input could be run from wind, low-head hydro, a Stirling Engine, or even an electric motor on PV cells. Efficiency = (work output) / (work input), "it would be three times more energy efficient compared to first converting the energy to electricity, and then back to rotational energy. Very interesting article! Job van der Zwan | I thoroughly enjoyed the article on heating with windmills. The wind speed you mention is not common indeed but it is not necessary either. March 03, 2019 at 09:05 PM. Some low-tech cooling approaches, and "just get used to the summer heat", fall short, but a mechanical-input heat pump could also be a dehumidifier. The EcoFlow DELTA kit with two 160w solar panels supplies all the power you need for a smaller shed. The direct approach to heat production is considerably cheaper and more sustainable than converting wind or solar generated electricity into heat by using electric heating devices. As the winter approaches each year, many people worry about how they are going to be able to afford gas or . Does anyone have one for purchase and test? This results seems to be excessive compared to the other heat generating windmills, but the energy output of a windmill increases more than proportionally with the rotor diameter and the wind speed. From the Neolithic to the beginning of the twentieth century, coppiced woodlands, pollarded trees, and hedgerows provided people with a sustainable supply of energy, materials, and food. Pro Breeze. [7]. This shed heater has an insulated body that's entirely resistant to heat and features thermal insulation in the middle. The wind speed you mention is not common indeed but it is not necessary either. 12 However, using similar models for heat production decreases embodied energy and costs, increases lifetime, and improves efficiency. Like a joule machine, it converts rotational energy into heat without the involvement of electricity. [7] Many were built with used car parts and other discarded materials. Is anyone actually making the technology, or is it still in the lab? Fair points. The direct alternative for solar photovoltaic power is solar thermal power, a technology that appeared in the nineteenth century following cheaper production technologies for glass and mirrors. The SCOP values in table 3 show heat pumps to have ~3x the performance of retarders or boilers (less than I claimed for GSHP, but consistent with figures I've see for air sourced heat pumps). On the other hand, the combination of a small wind turbine and an electric heat pump requires a windmill with a capacity factor of at least 30% to become cost-competitive with gas heating but such high performance is very unusual. I see a few problems with your approach. The hot water is stored in a tank. To use a heat pump and avoid using grid power we would have needed quite a large PV array or we would have had to operate it from our battery which would reduce our overnight reserve power. Check Price 15% OFF. Again, also here things dont change much from the conventional. A heat generator based on this principle is basically a wind-powered mixer or impeller installed into an insulated tank filled with water. Ideal for multiple-space use (sheds, tents, patios, garages, barns) Suitable for heating small spaces Light and highly portable Produces clean burning with a high energy efficiency Easy to use Simple installation process Ideal for both indoor and outdoor application CONS Not ideal for high altitude areas (beyond 7,000 feet above sea level) Murray Read | I think I would like to experiment with this idea and build a mini Water Brake Windmill with the intent of heating a small off grid house. Posted by: A heat generating windmill can also be combined with a solar boiler, so that both sun and wind can supply direct thermal energy using the same heat storage reservoir. February 28, 2019 at 12:20 AM. Another model could be to run an air compressor from the turbine. Pan Stanford Publishing, 2013. With 6 AC outlets and many ports, you can power up to 13 devices simultaneously. YOUR SHED, YOUR WAY. The scientists calculate that the maximum distance that is cost-achievable under optimal wind conditions is 50 km. Here it is: http://www.langdal5.dk/energi/info.html. Using eddy current heaters, windmills could provide direct heat at higher temperatures, making their potential use in industry even larger. kris de decker | Posted on February 27, 2019 at 11:04 AM in Cover story, DIY, Embodied energy, Energy production, Heating, History, Industry, Low-tech solutions, Thermal energy, Towers, Wind energy, Windmills | Permalink. When I asked about anyone out there doing any experimentations of their own, I was thinking more about your "readers" than the Danish tinkerers. In the end we found a simple device that monitored our PV power production beyond what was being used to charge our battery and instead of allowing this power to be exported it would divert it to heat water no matter how much or how little until the water storage reached a cutout temperature at which time the system would then export surplus power. Like a joule machine, it converts rotational energy into heat without the involvement of electricity. The result is heat generated by wind energy. , Chakirov, Roustiam, and Yuriy Vagapov. , Renewables 2018, Heat, International Energy Agency (IEA). Posted by: Heatpumps with lower source, target temperature delta has Higher COP raiting therefore more efficient also cooling and heating could be combined like putting an air cooled server in a room to heat it up or us a heatpump to provide hot water from one or rather just warm directly for a laundrymat. Posted by: Electricity produced by renewable energy sources can be and is being converted to heat in an indirect way. It should be possible to create high heat for cooking this way -- about 400 degrees F, which is about the limit of most oils before they begin to smoke. Furthermore, direct heat generation greatly improves the economics and the sustainability of smaller types of windmills. Obviously, its not always stormy weather, which means that the average wind speed is at least as important. 4, 2013, Joules experiment: An historico-critical approach, Marcos Pou Gallo Advisor. I think that moving the electric generator inside is the worst of both worlds. Correct positioning is very important but is not always easy to achieve, particularly when the cost of the cable limits where you can site your turbine. March 09, 2019 at 11:46 PM. Due to friction among molecules of the water, mechanical energy is converted into heat energy. Different types of direct and indirect heating production compared. One could integrate stored wind generated heat into a steam generation cycle. [13]. It's probably going to be less practical compared to using a water brake."". BTW, I am off grid, and do have practical experience. You can follow this conversation by subscribing to the comment feed for this post. Source: 15, The study compares heat generating windmills based on retarders and mechanical heat pumps with indirect heat production using electric boilers and electric heat pumps. However, energy losses (self-discharge) should also be taken into account, and this explains why the Danish heat generating windmills usually had a storage tank holding ten to twenty thousand liters of water. Sure could DIY one instead from hydro power, but would be just like a prototype - not extensively tested and very efficient. Ecoheater 1000mm Slimline Greenhouse & Shed Heater HHT310 (120W) Read Review. In this case, it becomes possible to build a pretty reliable heating system with a smaller heat storage tank, because the combination of two often complementary energy sources increases the chances of direct heat supply. Create hole for intake and exhaust hoses. Images from "Test at very high wind speed of a windmill controlled by a water brake", O. Helgason and A.S. Sigurdson, Science Institute, University of Iceland. , Okazaki, Toru, Yasuyuki Shirai, and Taketsune Nakamura. Update to my comment above: here's an Island household in Denmark where the owners have posted comparative practical results of the Calorius 37 windmill with solar thermal collectors. Of course that's impossible, so what the author wrote is obviously not what he meant. Intended use: Outdoor entertaining | Output: 42,000 BTUs | Fuel source: 20lb propane cylinder. But although we cannot exclude their use in pre-industrial times, the first reference to heat producing windmills dates from the 1970s, when the Danes started building them in the wake of the first oil crisis. Most used simple wooden blades. This results seems to be excessive compared to the other heat generating windmills, but the energy output of a windmill increases more than proportionally with the rotor diameter and the wind speed. I just wanted to comment in relation to the article and the use of heat pumps. That way it would be kept simple. Great work and service that you are providing! Water brake windmills may be a lot cheaper to build, but they are not more energy efficient because a heat pump only moves heat. I have not researched mechanical heat pumps in detail yet, and this could be something for a future article. In a water brake windmill, electric generator, power converters, transformer and gearbox can be excluded, and because of the weight savings, the windmill needs to be less sturdy built. I changed it into "more efficient". They are in their seventies and eighties now, some of them have passed away. The oil then transferred its heat to the water storage in the tower. The use of direct solar heat and geothermal heat provide less than 1% and 0.2% of global heat demand, respectively 4 5. I believe the research institute of your reference [15] - DLR (German Aerospace Centre) do have a project to build and test a prototype of this kind of system. Walton Web is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority, registration number 620773. Credit is subject to status. These are comprised of a magnet mounted on a rotating shaft, and can reach temperatures of up to 600 degrees Celsius. I think they are claiming a round trip efficiency of 60% for electricity storage. I made a few changes to the article to better reflect the fact that heat pumps are the most energy efficient option. I corrected the sentence, thanks for pointing it out. February 28, 2019 at 12:27 AM, "This old-fashioned approach remains relevant, also in combination with new technology, because it would be three times more energy efficient compared to first converting the energy to electricity, and then back to rotational energy.". Given the right conditions, a mechanical windmill with an oversized brake system is a cheap, effective, and sustainable heating system. Anyway it's not a point - end goal is to reduce our dependence on resources, Posted by: I would love to learn more about the feasibility of those mills as heating system for small houses. Like being commercialised by high view power. However, larger systems also reveal a problem when scaling up the technology: storing heat may be cheaper and more efficient than storing electricity, but the opposite holds true for transportation: the energy losses for heat transportation are much larger than the energy losses for electricity transmission. Comments are moderated, and will not appear until the author has approved them. 2. "Concept study of wind power utilizing direct thermal energy conversion and thermal energy storage." So why not generate electricity that can be put to good use first? Source: 7. Kris De Decker March 01, 2019 at 10:10 PM. Does anyone know of a source for where to buy a small permanent magnet eddy current heater for water or oil heating generation? [Update: just received a mail that the author, who built one of the first water brake mills, is busy answering my questions -- more soon]. Theres two reasons for this. This would mitigate any problems of intermittency, as heat can be stored easily and cheaply and a hybrid boiler could simply burn more fuel to increase the quality of steam. you could try to make it dual mode one to heat water and one to run a pump to pump water through pipes in ground at night and through house in day to cool the house acting as a wind powered geothermal plant. First, thank you for putting up such an interesting web site. The conclusion says that coupling a wind turbine to a heat pump is the most cost effective realization of wind powered heating. Furthermore, direct heat generation greatly improves the economics and the sustainability of smaller types of windmills. [8] A 2013 study using a prototype obtained similar results, and calculated the efficiency of the system to be 91%. Larger heat generating windmills were built in the 1980s. We receive very little for any exported power so self-consumption is preferred. If you had any pointers to resources, links to other people's DIY direct wind-to-heat pump setups, or were planning on doing an article on those, that would be greatly appreciated! BEST FOR GABLE ROOF: Ventamatic 1600 CFM Mill . We have a 5kW (partly shaded PV system with Enphase micro inverters) and a 13kWh battery at our house and it provides almost all our power except for a few weeks in winter. Household items, like computers, washing machines, phones etc., require a 240V AC power supply. [1] [15]. I think this technology could be great for island communities in higher latitudes. It compares these four technologies for three system sizes: a small windmill aimed at heating an off-the-grid household, a large windmill aimed at supplying heat to a village, and a wind farm producing heat for 20,000 inhabitants. Also, how would you transfer the waste heat from the generator to the heat medium? If driven by a windmill, such as my Sharp Cycloturbine, good load matching should be possible. So why not generate electricity that can be put to good use first? At the time, Denmark was almost entirely dependent on imported oil for heating, which left many households in the cold when the oil supply was disturbed. Once you have a mechanical-input heat pump, it's a simple matter of rerouting the refrigerant flow as to whether the machine extracts heat from the outdoors, and brings it inside, or vice versa. How would it be easily replicable? Source: [8], The Joule Machine was originally conceived as a measuring apparatus. I found that I could create high resistance in a small container by using BBs with a little oil, plus metal stirring rods. Image provided by the, Image: Water brake windmill developed by O. Helgason (left), water brake with variable load system (right). To make a comment, please send an e-mail to solar (at) lowtechmagazine (dot) com. Heat generating windmills are also investigated for renewable electricity production, mainly because they offer a better solution for energy storage compared to batteries or other common technologies. This involves one less energy conversion, which makes the combination at least 10% more energy efficient than an electric heat pump driven by a wind turbine. the generator is not up on the tower (requiring a stronger tower). Of cause it is not economical to have that much storage. A 2015 study investigates the possibilities of heat generating windmills in Lithuania, a Baltic country with a cold climate thats dependent on expensive fuel imports. According to Eco-shed of the Year winner. One issue that I've been uneasy about for many years is the control of humidity, rather than temperature, to preserve books from mold and decay. 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The ancillary apparatus could be great for island communities in higher latitudes ) on and off equipment youll using... Space Heater pick: Lasko 754200 Ceramic Heater the joule machine, it converts rotational into... % for electricity storage. translate is your friend to four volumes with a total of pages! Cryogenic energy storage. to heat and features thermal insulation in the.... Equipment youll be using is nearly 25mph, thank you for putting such... Diy one instead from hydro power, but would be just like a joule machine was originally as. Be just like a prototype obtained similar results, and calculate the optimal performance of the ancillary could... If anyone else has more info, feel free to share it device specifically for the moment there... ), Singapore, Sept. 2011 industry even larger are in their seventies and eighties,. Not appear until the author has approved them and will not appear until the author wrote obviously. The ancillary apparatus could be coupled with cryogenic energy storage. is capable of it very! Great problem in that an average wind speed is at least as.... The main disadvantages of wind into heat without the involvement of electricity energy into heat the! Water brake windmill built at the Institute for Agricultural Techniques in 1974 up the wattage! Oil heating generation to be maintained and a storage tank of a source for eddy current,... Compressor from the conventional made a few articles too back-up to allow flexibility! Rotating shaft, and Taketsune Nakamura, Renewables 2018, heat, International Agency. 08:07 PM to have that much storage. insulated body that & # x27 ; s entirely resistant heat. With nothing a great problem in that an average wind speed you mention is not necessary either required wattage all... Mills as heating system for small houses for putting up such an interesting Web.! A prototype - not extensively tested and very efficient experiment: an historico-critical approach, Marcos Gallo! Source ( the windmill ) on and off greatly improves the economics and the sustainability smaller. Btw, i am off grid, and Taketsune Nakamura many people worry about they... Different types of direct and more efficient way be possible collector skips the to... Just like a joule machine, it converts rotational energy into heat without the involvement of electricity torque-speed...
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