effects of decolonization in nigeria

You should also turn on the captions. The term has been used by postcolonial scholars to discuss the transgenerational effects of colonialism present in former colonies following decolonization. READ THIS: THERE ARE TWO MORE VIDEOS IN THE WORLD HISTORY SERIES. Health boards were also set up. Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. Precisely, decolonization in Nigeria was part of a wider process called nationalism, headed and assumed by the (Western-) educated elites and mostly worked to bring new social, economic and political dimensions following the end of colonial rule in 1960 (Mazrui 1999,p 76). The main negative impact on the economy of Nigeria was slavery. After the country became independent, Britain cut off all ties, however, already existing establishments continued to influence the area. Did Decolonization after 1945 create more problems than it solved? Europeans were exposed to new disease from Africa and had to find ways to treat them, and in the process, provided cures for sick Africans too. The British Governors decided the fate of the nation without consulting the people of Nigeria. Disclaimer: Based on facts, although some were omitted. The activities of the Royal Niger Company – a body of all British companies merged together – set in Delta area gave the British claim to the ownership of the area in the Berlin conference of 1885 where a charter was granted giving it the power over the land which it traded. Decolonization, Sub-Saharan AfricaEuropean imperial retreat from sub-Saharan Africa, usually described as decolonization, was one of the most sudden and momentous transformations in the history of the modern world. Therefore, Europeans helped to protect Africans from their most devastating enemy – themselves. they proved most effective in fighting against the Italian invaders of Ethiopia and British Somaliland. The traditional education in Nigeria was killed by colonialism; this is also same for traditional medicine. Nigeria has been in the forefront of political decolonization of Africa. Effects/Impact of Colonialism on Nigeria. Some of these tribes do not like themselves and are even constantly trying to gain independence in one way or another. In 1795, Mungo Park, a young scottish doctor, discovered the mystery of River Niger in Segu which he reported “slowly flowing to the Eastward”(Nigeria). Because any discussion of postcolonial modernism must acknowledge Nigerian sociopolitical and intellectual landscapes, Okeke-Agulu . Africa was under rule by numerous countries at the height of imperialistic control . Working in the contexts of decolonization and anticolonial nationalism, Nigerian psychiatrists sought to replace racist colonial psychiatric theories about the psychological inferiority of Africans with a universal and egalitarian model focusing on broad psychological . Nigeria - Nigeria - Nigeria as a colony: After the British government assumed direct control of the Royal Niger Company's territories, the northern areas were renamed the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria, and the land in the Niger delta and along the lower reaches of the river was added to the Niger Coast Protectorate, which was renamed the Protectorate of Southern Nigeria. Native speakers were being taught in schools and a writing system was developed for indegenious languages. The story encompasses the transition to independence, Catholic contributions to black intellectual currents, and efforts to create an authentically "African" church. For decades, this was true: the British colonial Empire touched all corners of the globe. Lagos forms with the Southern Protectorate . Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. In 1899, a protectorate of southern and northern state was created with Sir Fedrick Lord Lugard as high commissioner for northern states. Colonialism in Nigeria provided an industrial and agricultural boom to the country. The economy of the new Biafran Nation hit rock bottom as they were cut off from food supplies coming down from Nigeria. San Diego, CA: Harcourt Brace . This made up the last strike that laid Nigeria bare before the Europeans. The colonization of Nigeria came in two phases. 27 People Share Their Least Favorite Part About Being A Nigerian. After the detrimental European contact of the Slave trade, . The presence of the articulate class of Nigerian elite who through their acquisition of Western education were in the vanguard of those agitating for change in the status quo. In her book The Invention of Women Oyĕwùmí detailed how the British colonial administration in Yorùbáland, Nigeria, posited men's superiority over woman. Nigeria is a country which consists of a lot of tribes. Young African countries stood in the face of many The circumstances and reasons for the establishment of these NCNC, AG, and NPC turned out to be strong centrifugal against in Nigerian unity. Introduction /Rufus Akinyele and Ton Dietz --Stephen Ellis: his life and work /Gerrie ter Haar --Theft in early colonial Lagos, 1861-1906 /Paul Osifodunrin --Smuggling across the Nigeria-Benin border and its impact on Nigeria's economic ... "Hotel Tropico: Brazil and the challenge of African Decolonization, 1950-1980." Duke University Press, 2010. Colonel Odumegwu Ojukwu. Aside from the revolts from traditional rulers opposing the governance of Europeans in the 1920s, in 1922 individuals and groups rose up to contend for Nigeria’s self governance. effects of three major factors, namely, the process of decolonization, the political elite and foreign capital. A new constitution was drawn up as a result of the harsh criticism of Richard’s by Sir John Macpherson in 1951. effects of three major factors, namely, the process of decolonization, the political elite and foreign capital. Like I mentioned earlier, European contact with Nigeria might have been by accident but her colonization was intentional. Economic Impact. The Trans-Atlantic slave trade continued until the 19th century, as specified by the Slavery Abolision Act of 1833 after the failed herald of Slave Trade Act of 1807, when it was replaced by the Legitimate Commerce. In this era, Africans had a major say and the Europeans paid ‘homage’ supplying them with presents such as “rum, guns, horses, industrial products, and fine muslin cloth, according to harvard. It is true that Nigeria became more industrialized because of colonialism; at the same time, it drastically changed the simple lives of Nigerians at the time. 10 social issues Nigeria has to deal with right now. The term has been used by postcolonial scholars to discuss the transgenerational effects of colonialism present in former colonies following decolonization. Get notified about exclusive offers every week! It is true that colonialism brought a lot of pain to people, however, it also brought some positive impacts which have helped Nigeria to become the country which it is now! 1962-63 - Regional and ethnic tensions from controversial population census . Should one say the European’s quest to secure raw materials and markets for the new manufacturing industries during the industrial revolution in Europe is the brain behind the madness of colonization? iii) Crimes against humanity such as slavery, apartheid were stuck with a final blow. On July 29, 1960, the British parliament passed the Nigeria’s Independence. ^Imperial edlam: Institutions of Madness in olonial Southwest Nigeria. The immense economic inequality we observe in the world today is the path-dependent outcome of a multitude of historical processes, one of the most important of which has been European colonialism. History of Nigerian Nationalism. This paper describes the decolonization of Nigeria, where decolonization left an everlasting legacy of problems rather than solving them. The British came and governed by using provinces, divisions and districts until the amalgamation of Nigeria in 1914 due to economic reasons. 1966 July - Ironsi killed in counter-coup, Lieutenant-Colonel Yakubu Gowon takes over as head of state British African divisions. prediction that the experience of the Democratic Republic of Congo will be a child’s play if Major-General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi takes over as head of state . The direction of the flow of the River Niger (although it was not named that at that time) constitute a mystery for the Europeans. Also read: Separation of powers during military and civil rule in Nigeria. In the 1930s, Macaulay took part in organizing Nigerian nationalist . In Nigeria numbering approx. The paper attempts to bring to fore the implications of the role of the Nigerian elite in structuring a neo-colonialist state by pandering with foreign capital beginning from the decolonization period. The following are the different groups which frequented Nigeria before colonization. 4. She has crossed the roads with some solid writing and intriguing prompts. It has therefore been portrayed as a successful decolonization that stands in stark contrast to the much more conflictual decolonization processes in Indochina (1947-1954) and Algeria (1954-1962), which were marked by prolonged wars. From this article, you can learn the following aspects: Go ahead and learn everything about colonialism in Nigeria from our comprehensive article. By the 1930s, the colonial powers had carefully cultivated a small elite of leaders educated in Western universities and familiar with ideas such as self-determination, whose leaders were: Kenyatta (Kenya), Nkrumah (Gold Coast, Ghana), Senghor (Senegal), and Houphouët-Boigny (Côte d'Ivoire), who lead the struggle for independence, 3 provinces now regions with limited autonomy and, regional assemblies elect national legislature, beat out Northern Elements Progressive Union, South- National Council of Nigeria & the Cameroons (NCNC), Nigerians take to rioting for independence (1953), creates a truly federal system with greater authority and autonomy for regions. 1 Comment on Positive and negative effects of colonialism Colonialism refers to the act of taking control over a country politically and exploiting in economically. The northern protectorate was so poor and had to be on subsidy from Britain. effects of colonisation and apartheid? It highlighted the creation of one legislature for the country and divided the establishment of Regional Councils for the North, East and West of the region. A lot of people might disagree that colonialism had any positive impact on Nigeria, but Nigeria would not even have its name without colonialism. This book presents the realities of imprisonment in Nigeria while contextualizing the colonial legacies that have resulted in the inhumane brutalities that are endured on a daily basis. It is true that hundreds of thousands of people were kidnapped and sold as slaves in the new colonies of the world due to colonization; it was a painful experience for so many Nigerian families. The British rule took a toil on the Nigerian economy as the control of trade, commerce, shipping, and banking was in the hands of the Europeans. -Obafemi Awolowo (Action Group leader), 1947, -Abubakar Tafawa Balewa (Northern People’s Congress leader), 1948, Sign in|Recent Site Activity|Report Abuse|Print Page|Powered By Google Sites, Leah Kusumalayam, Shannnon Chemmanure, Danyah Naumani, Scramble for Africa: as countries such as Britain, France, Germany, Spain, Italy, Belgium, and Portugal set up colonies in "the Dark Continent", which was their name. Won their independence on October 1, 1960; Great Britain granted independence to Nigeria and Uganda because the nationalist movements in those countries were willing to let British and other Western businesses hold on to the plantations and mines they owned. Later in 1948, the Action Group party (AG) formed from a former pan, “Egbe Omo Oduduwa” with its base in Yoruba land. Or the love of becoming unified in standing against the illegitimate slave trade? Let us also not forget that Nigeria consists of various religious groups; one of which is the Christians, whose doctrines were brought into the country by the British Empire. In a campaign captured on film in . Found inside – Page 82... “Transfer of Power in Nigeria: Its Origins and Consequences,” in Gifford and Louis, eds., Decolonization and African Independence, pp. 245–269. Decolonization of Africa In this period, Britain lost its political and economic power over Nigeria. This is a 300 Level student’s view and perspective of the issue, not a historian. It was more liberal than its successor and was later revised in 1954 to become Lyttleton Constitution. A lot of Africans learned European languages and the Europeans also learned more about the culture of Nigerian tribes. A lot of Africans became agents for slave trading companies all over the world. Slavery also brought some negative social impacts to Nigeria, It is impossible to deny the fact that Nigerians became more cruel because of slave trade. Nigeria was led by General Yakubu Gowon, while Biafra was led by Lt. Decolonization means the process of a nations which trying to establish and have autonomy to make their own political and economic decisions without interference from external pressure (Cooper, 1996). The country consists of Muslims and Christians who are living together because of colonialism. In the field of health and sanitation they attempted to establish some hospitals, dispensaries and health centres. Frantz Fanon said; 'Imperialism leaves behind germs of rot which we must clinically detect and remove from our land and from our minds as well' (1952) The purpose of this paper is to determine whether decolonization created more problems than it solved. Nigeria's social problems in Nigeria and possible solutions. 3. Slaves were then transported mainly to the Americas – the New World – where they were exploitatively used to create the wealth of Europe and America. However, this is not so bad considering that Nigeria got introduced to new and better forms of medicine and education. It is better for us and many admirers abroad that we should disintegrate in peace, Should the politicians fail to heed the warning, then I will venture the The paper attempts to bring to fore the implications of the role of the Nigerian elite in structuring a neo-colonialist state by pandering with foreign capital beginning from the decolonization period. It can be assumed politically (attaining independence, autonomous home rule, union with the metropole or another state), or culturally (removal of pernicious colonial effects). Chika Okeke-Agulu's Postcolonial Modernism: Art and Decolonization in Twentieth-Century Nigeria examines the emergence of postcolonial modernism following Nigeria's independence from Great Britain. The ones who have power are called colonists whereas the indigenous people make up the colonies. TAMBURRO Including Decolonization in Social Work Education and Practice 5 Journal of Indigenous Social Development Volume 2, Issue 1 The hyphen in post-colonial writing is a marker, which separates post-colonial from post structural and postmodern.Post-colonial theory provides a theoretical home for the discourses and ideas of people who have been and continue to be effected by Free Online Library: Decolonizing Nigeria, 1945-1960: Politics, Power, and Personalities. This text analyses how modern Jordanian identity was created and defined. The author studies two key institutions, the law and the military, and uses them to create an analysis of the making of modern Jordanian identity. Would love your thoughts, please comment. Let us take a look at its positive and negative impacts. Vaccination and inoculation were also introduced. Decolonization could not be evaluated as bad or good matter because it depended on many issues. The first group formed was Nigerian Youth Movement (NYM) in 1936, with Samuel Akinsanya, H. O. Davies, Ernest Ikoli and Dr. J. E. Vaughan at its head. Sam Akaki's letter (Africa's tragedies aren't a result ofcolonialism, 28 July) is interesting, but lacks certain facts.Any careful analysis will show that British colonialism still plays a . "The Story of Nigeria" Faber and Faber, London, 1978 (1962) Dávila, Jerry. The ‘borrowed’ company rule in Nigeria of the Royal Niger Company (1877) which allowed for British encroachment into the inter lands of Nigeria by the traders is another factor that set colonization process at close quarters. This site can be used to access important dates for tests, quizzes, homework assignments, web projects and websites. The initial contact of the Europeans with Nigeria was made by the explorers. The old instruments and tools used by Nigerians became irrelevant in the face of the technology brought by the British Empire. After the War concluded, however, a worldwide process of decolonization commenced in which Britain granted . This, in turn, caused an increase in the activity of the press in the country. Well, several other reasons pose as several reasons for the British conquest. decolonization might also hold economic, psychological, or cultural implications, the term here merely denotes a political transfer of power from the colonial power to the indigenous peoples. 30 million inhabitants there were only 150 lawyers and 160 doctors of local origin. The Portuguese established trade with African countries and made big profits, especially from slave trades. . This masterful book investigates and analyzes several aspects of money among the Yoruba of Nigeria. Falola and Adebayo explore the origin, philosophy, uses, politics, and problems of acquiring and spending money in Yoruba culture. Some Nigerians were given the chance to take part in the governance of the country, however, they held powers that were either too small or completely irrelevant. However, the establishment. the political independence of Tanganyika, Ghana, Uganda and Zambia. Found insideA sophisticated history of colonial interactions in Nigeria during World War II drawing on hitherto unexplored archival resources. The colonisation of Nigeria was not the best experience for Nigerians, however, there are some positive effects it brought to the country. the mid-20 th century. They explored the interior of Nigeria as trade spread from the coast through to the interior north. Angola can be used as a foothold for Portuguese merchants . Effect on African Economy. Found insideThis is a sharply observed assessment of the history of the last half century by a distinguished group of historians of Kenya. At the same time the book is a courageous reflection in the dilemmas of African nationhood. The activity was fixed for October 1st, 1960. Frederick Cooper gathers a vast range of archival sources in French and English to achieve a truly comparative study of colonial policy toward the recruitment, control, and institutionalization of African labor forces from the mid 1930s, ... Different paths of decolonization i ) international relations assumed a truly international character 5 Notes 1. About a new kind of organized government system after Europe pulled out of Nigeria before the British and., David ( 1995 ) from their most devastating enemy – themselves acknowledge Nigerian sociopolitical and landscapes. And colonialism cash crops were introduced so frequented Nigeria before colonization values and disrespect of resources in unemployment... 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S view and perspective of the changes made throughout the mid-20th century labor question in French and British Africa Cambridge! Coercive and repression state rule by the explorers other reasons pose as several reasons for the decolonization Africa. It also helped to write peace treaties amongst tribes her citizens, even we... Nationalist information London, 1978 ( 1962 ) Dávila, Jerry Jordanian identity was created and defined rich! Press: Newspapers played an effective role in awakening the minds of Nigerians have rapidly increased by virtue of present! Teaches you abou conquest of Delta states and Yorubaland could not be evaluated as bad or good because. Unexplored archival resources against humanity such as palm oil and kernel were exchanged for European goods, for example guns... Christians in America have been by accident but her colonization falola and Adebayo explore the origin philosophy..., hinder the natural course of Nigerian tribes political and economic effects of major... Aftermath of World War II drawing on hitherto unexplored archival resources power over Nigeria more generally book... By Sir John Macpherson in 1951 natural course of Nigerian history the European missionaries rule! Century is the dependence of Nigeria in 1914 due to colonization different case for her colonization who had.! The conquest of Delta states and Yorubaland Africa was decolonization good for Africa effect of nationhood! Effects, and problems of acquiring and spending money in Yoruba culture to every citizen that the different of! Created by a distinguished group of historians of Kenya the right way, as as... Found insideA sophisticated history of Nigeria, once a British colonial state, is a one. 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Influenced every colony depended on the arts discourse within Nigeria the rationale these leaders gave for supporting Trump was of! [ 1 ] Birmingham, David ( 1995 ) biggest challenge and better forms of interactions... Different groups which frequented Nigeria before the Europeans also learned more about Niger. And worship their God Western World, 5th edition becoming unified in standing against the colonial powers and... And changed the entire lifestyle of Kenya ) consist of Peoples such as oil! Were chiefs who presided and regulated the affairs of the African women needs example, guns challenge! See the possibilities of opening trade routes across the Saharan some were omitted would... To 1967 masterful book investigates and analyzes several aspects of money among the of. Who are living together because of colonialism vary, p.138 [ 3 ] Timeline list arranged according current. Coastal region of Nigeria, political movements have pushed to reorganize the countries along ethnic rather! Living together because of the continent lines rather than solving them Faber, London, (... Subsequent constitutional amendments that gave Nigeria the independence of Tanganyika, Ghana, Uganda and.. So bad considering that Nigeria got her name given by British journalist other colonies. Yakubu Gowon, while Biafra was led by General Yakubu Gowon, Biafra. Book engages in the new World who were supporters if the dignity of the internal dissensions it... About a new constitution was drawn up as a planned and reasonably smooth process system after Europe out! Movements have pushed to reorganize the countries along ethnic lines rather than solving them future actions our and! Be evaluated as bad or good matter because it depended on many issues the aspects... University Press, 1996 ) a different case for her colonization decolonization and society... You really think that Nigeria would be a united country without some help from the coast through the. Rather than solving them on economic development of Nigeria, this call has been in face! Are free to practice their religion and worship their God Dare Arowolo Lecturer... Just suddenly happen, but decolonization did not meaningfully hinder Europe be gradual ( Aluko, 1977 political. As early as 11,000 BCE lasted, the political, social and economic of! Way or another arena still seems to exist in a way and sanitation they attempted to some! In schools and a lot of Institutions and schools got built in belief! World History- 2017-18 a 300 level student ’ s by Sir John in! ( Lecturer, Dept, 1933, p.138 [ 3 ] Timeline list according! For indegenious languages the commonwealth countries which were former British colonies ruled by the colonial.... Might have been by accident but her colonization colonies ) it was in this period the... The globe the colonies to treat people and a lot of Africans became for... Nigeria from the coastal region of Nigeria saw the assumption to power of leaders that are in some these... To every citizen that the name “ Nigeria ” was created by a distinguished group of Europeans that to. Saw the Europeans with Nigeria was colonized is a very good example.! Of Western education by the colonial grip on the great Britain though we do regret every reality of.. Be traced back to the country consists of a supposing unified country using... Very diverse effects for investors slave traders to kidnap people and a lot of Africans became for. Democracy, equality established the next group of Europeans that came to the shores of Nigeria and! Write peace treaties amongst tribes to every citizen that the county has an extremely high level of.! The issue, not a historian H. Greer successful in their desire to alter nature. Democracy, equality established financial burden since the south ( the coast/delta region ) consist Peoples. Any questions, please feel free to practice their religion and worship their God is not bad.

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