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The battleships were providing distant cover to the light cruisers of Force B[1], engaged in searching for the German merchantsMaritzaandProcida (see also this link and this link). Life on the Line Podcasts The impacts drove in the plates and fragments caused much flooding by damaging the surrounding structure. On 25 November 1941 one of the heaviest losses of life, and the only loss of a Royal Navy battleship to a submarine at sea, occurred off Bardia, when HMS Barham was torpedoed at extremely short range by U-331, and sank within four minutes. No. Three minutes later, she sighted the topmasts of Vice-Admiral Reinhard Scheer's battleships, but did not report this for another five minutes. The battleship heels over and explodes. "It was a shocking event," said Riverside curator Emily Malcolm. [54], Captain Geoffrey Cooke assumed command on 25 March[53] and the Navy took the opportunity to augment her light anti-aircraft armament and upgrade its directors. [89] The following morning, the German submarineU-331, commanded by Oberleutnant zur See Hans-Diedrich von Tiesenhausen, detected the faint engine noises of the British ships and moved to intercept. [94], It was not until the Admiralty admitted that Barham had been sunk and described the circumstances that Tiesenhausen knew that he had sunk her. [71] Barham's six-inch guns were the first to do so and fired at the French submarinePerse on the surface. All footage can be viewed on the British Path website. The only contact came in the evening when Tyrwhitt sighted the High Seas Fleet but was unable to achieve an advantageous attack position before dark, and broke off contact. It was steaming at about twenty knots at the time, and immediately began to list to port at an alarming rate. Wikipedia. The boat dived out of control after she broached, reaching an indicated depth of 265 metres (869ft), well below her design depth rating of 150 metres (490ft), before she stabilised without any damage. The British had recently broken the Italian codes and sailed after dark on the 27th to intercept the Italians. [53] Together with her sister Malaya, Barham was sent to Alexandria, Egypt, in May 1927 during a time of unrest. The long-lost ship of British polar explorer Sir John Franklin, HMS Terror, has been found in pristine condition at the bottom of an Arctic bay . No hits were observed and the ships stopped firing after making their turn north, but Barham opened fire for a short time when they fell in line with the Grand Fleet a few minutes later, probably without making any hits. For the rest of the war, except for the inconclusive action of 19 August 1916, her service generally consisted of routine patrols and training in the North Sea. That's the ultimate goal, anyway," said Mr Mearns. Life on the Line tracks down Australian war veterans and records their stories. On her return I teamed up with P-W again when he shifted his flag back to the, Battleships. Towards the end of 1941, the Med Fleet was experiencing some ups and downs, as the Luftwaffe became increasingly active and aggressive during the advance of General Rommel (the Desert Fox) and his Afrika Korps across the Western Desert towards Alexandria. The Grand Fleet sailed with 29 dreadnoughts and 6 battlecruisers while the Germans mustered 18 dreadnoughts and 2 battlecruisers. [4], Barham was completed with two fire-control directors fitted with 15-foot (4.6m) rangefinders. The remains of the first British ship to be sunk in WW2 appear to have been identified on the Atlantic seabed. At the going down of the SUN, AND in the MORNING; WE WILL REMEMBER THEM, WE WILL REMEMBER THEM!! The marine scientist first got involved in the search for the wreck in a commission from the BBC. Germany initially denied involvement fearing the US would join the war. Chamberlain's famous "this country is at war with Germany" broadcast was delivered shortly after 11 in the morning. (1966). While making the turn,[40] Barham was struck by two 30.5-centimetre shells beginning at 16:58, probably from the battlecruiser SMSDerfflinger. One 250-kilogram (550lb) bomb struck 'Y' turret and started a fire inside the turret that took 20 minutes to quench. (Lt. Cdr. [67] Barham played no role in the Norwegian Campaign although some of her crew and marines participated. The damage allowed over 1,000 long tons (1,016t) of water to flood the stern and nearly knocked out the ship's steering gear. The full truth only emerged at the Nuremberg Trials. HMS Barham was one of five Queen Elizabeth -class battleships built for the Royal Navy during the early 1910s. Casualties: 861. Three minutes later another shell hit the aft superstructure, severing the antenna cables of the main wireless station. Website with searchable ship database about warships, passenger liners, merchant ships, photo galleries, technical details, stories, news and much more. This increased her metacentric height to about 7 feet (2.1m) at deep load, despite the increase in her deep displacement to 35,970 long tons (36,550t). After the battle fleet left Alexandria all was uneventful, and during the early afternoon of 25th November, course was reversed, and the Force proceeded back towards Alex. "We've got several items on display including the watch from the ship's cook. During the third week in November, 1941, there was evidence that two convoys were being despatched from Italy to Benghazi to reinforce the Africa Korps. The ships had multiple armoured decks that ranged from 1 to 3 inches (25 to 76mm) in thickness. This was replaced by a torpedo rangefinder in early 1928 when the permanent position was installed in the remodelled spotting top. He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross that day. Ltzow was only slightly damaged by these hits, which essentially only knocked out the primary and back-up wireless rooms while the shells that hit Derfflinger hit the side of the ship's bow, knocking off several armour plates, while fragments opened holes that ultimately allowed roughly 2,000 tonnes (1,968 long tons) of water to enter the bow. Odyssey Marine Exploration, Inc. Admiral Sir John Balchen was aboard HMS Victory during the ship's final tragic voyage in October 1744. At 14:32, Beatty ordered a course change to south-southeast in response to the spot report. Experience the final moments of the Queen Elizabeth Battleship, HMS Barham, when it was struck by torpedoes from a German submarine during World War II which resulted in a terrifying explosion.. HMS BARHAM - a British battleship sunk in November 1941 by a submarine in the Mediterranean SANTA ROSA - a Portuguese galleon loaded with seven chests of treasure, sunk in 1726 by an explosion. Your email address will not be published. I was in H.M.S. BARHAM was torpedoed by U.331 and lost off the Western Desert of Egypt - off Sollum and Sidi Barrani. 713 x 435. Twelve of the fourteen BL 6-inch (152mm) Mk XII guns were mounted in casemates along the broadside of the vessel amidships; the remaining pair were mounted on the forecastle deck near the aft funnel and were protected by gun shields. She started off World War II by being torpedoed off Liverpool, and after being patched up was in trouble again during a bombardment of Oran, when she was hit by Free French shore batteries. As a result, the operation was confined to the northern end of the sea. On December 12 1939, she collided with a destroyer, the HMS Duchess, sinking her in the mishap. In addition the torpedo-control tower aft was replaced by an air-defence position during that same refit. "We climbed over the guard rail and started running down the side of the ship. "I dived in headfirst, but as I did, the ship rolled again and I smashed my head on the hull and was knocked unconscious.". Duchess capsized and sank, with the loss of 124 of her crew. 340, 346, 349, 354355, 358, Jones, pp. This meant that the 5th Battle Squadron and the light cruisers were the sole targets available for the German ships until after his turn, although the worsening visibility hampered both sides' shooting. We had found the remains of a cabin desk and a BARHAM lifebelt from one of the sea boats to help us keep afloat and, using these, started to dog paddle in the direction where we could see a destroyer. A pair of octuple mounts for 2-pounder (40mm (1.6in)) Mk VIII "pom-pom" anti-aircraft guns were added abreast the funnel and two positions for their directors were added on new platforms abreast and below the spotting top. [54], On 3 January 1941, the ship, together with Warspite and Valiant, bombarded Bardia as a prelude to the Battle of Bardia. A member of the Wigston branch of the Royal Naval Association, he is a member of the HMS Barham Association. In addition, she was joined by the battleships HMS Queen . Producers had wanted to stage a live, underwater broadcast from the sunken remains of a famous ship. Tiesenhausen ordered all four bow torpedo tubes fired at a range of 375 metres (410yd) at 16:25. If it happened, British Path filmed it. [53] Barham participated in the Fleet review on 26 July 1924 at Spithead. Her crew numbered 1,016 officers and ratings in 1916. The start date is universally agreed to be 17 November 1941, while the end date is 15 January for the British (thus excluding the Axis counter-offensive of late January), while it is 6 February for the Axis, including the counteroffensive. Barham's signallers were unable to read the signal and her officer of the watch presumed that it was the expected point zigzag to the left of the base course and signalled that course change to the rest of the squadron. By this time the 5th Battle Squadron was about seven point five nautical miles (13.9km; 8.6mi) northwest of Beatty. Barham was then transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet, where she covered multiple Malta convoys. Neilson Larry 05/01/2011. Most of those who died were in two lifeboats that were smashed just as they were about to be saved. When Richard came round, he was underwater. [43], Beatty in the meantime had turned further west to open up the range between his battered battlecruisers and the Germans. [34] A minute later she scored one hit on the German ship's stern before she was ordered to switch targets to the battlecruiser SMSMoltke, together with her sister Valiant. [13] When Barham conducted her sea trials on 20 November 1933, her speed was reduced to 22.5 knots (41.7km/h; 25.9mph) from 65,655shp (48,959kW). The anti-torpedo bulge was essentially destroyed adjacent to the strike, with four men killed and two wounded. [102], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}3234N 2624E / 32.567N 26.400E / 32.567; 26.400. LOVE YOU ALL: Yours Aye-Brian CANUCK Murza, W.W.II Naval Researcher-Published Author, Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada. HMS Barham's magazines blew up in an extremely violent explosion, hereby killing 848 soldiers instantly. Her main guns targeted the port and the battleship Richelieu. The destroyer Hotspur rescued 337 survivors, including Vice-Admiral Henry Pridham-Wippell and the pair who later died of their wounds, while the Australian destroyer Nizam reportedly rescued 150 men. [59], Barham served as the flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron from November 1936 to May 1937 and participated in the Coronation Fleet Review for King George VI on 19 May at Spithead. 598 x 440. ! Poem by Rudyard Kipling. [18][19][Note 2] Barham cost a total of 2,470,113. [90], There was no time for evasive action, and three of the four torpedoes struck amidships so closely together as to throw up a single massive water column. Barham was herself was struck twice during the "Run to the South": the first was a 28.3-centimetre (11in) shell from von der Tann that failed to do any damage when it hit the waterline armour and the battlecruiser SMSLtzow fired a 30.5-centimetre (12in) shell that detonated in the aft superstructure. Produced by the Naval Studies Group in conjunction with the Submarine Institute of Australia, the Australian Naval Institute, Naval Historical Society and the RAN Seapower Centre. The Royal Navy's Room 40 had intercepted and decrypted German radio traffic containing plans of the operation. While under repair in December1939 March1940, a 20-barrel Unrotated projectile (UP) rocket launcher was installed on the roof of 'B' turret and her HACS Mk I directors were replaced with Mk III models. A fortnight later, she was attacked by the U-30 which put her out of commission for six months with a single torpedo hit. Late in the afternoon of November 24, 1941 WARSPITE, (C. in C.), BARHAM and VALIANT and a screen of nine destroyers sailed from Alexandria to provide heavy gun cover for the Cruisers. This Queen Elizabeth-class battleship was sunk by the U-331 on 25 November 1941. This took some time and his ships had to slow down to 1218 knots (2233km/h; 1421mph) to avoid overrunning the 6th Division and blocking its fire. [1] Force B consisted of two cruiser squadrons, 7 and 15, with the cruisers HMS Ajax, HMS Euryalus, HMS Galatea, HMS Naiad, and HMS Neptune, with escorting destroyers. 2. Website with searchable ship database about warships, passenger liners, merchant ships, photo galleries, technical details, stories, news and much more. "If I hadn't dived headfirst and knocked myself out, I would be dead, too.". Last modified on Wed 15 Jun 2022 10.44 EDT. Copyright 2023. [14], Later alterations included replacing the single mounts of the AA guns with twin mounts for the QF 4-inch Mark XVI gun, removal of the forward submerged torpedo tubes and the high-angle rangefinder in MarchMay 1938. "We looked at each other and said, 'right, let's get up top!'. [54], On the afternoon of 24 November 1941, the 1st Battle Squadron, Barham, Queen Elizabeth, and Valiant, with an escort of eight destroyers, departed Alexandria to cover the 7th and 15th Cruiser Squadrons as they hunted for Italian convoys in the Central Mediterranean. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. Realising their mistake, the Germans changed course for home. The anti-aircraft (AA) armament were composed of two quick-firing (QF) 3-inch (76mm) 20cwt Mk I[Note 1] guns. The ship had a range of 5,000 nautical miles (9,260km; 5,754mi) at a cruising speed of 12 knots (22.2km/h; 13.8mph). We use your sign-up to provide content in the ways you've consented to and improve our understanding of you. By the afternoon the submarine and the 1st Battle Squadron were on reciprocal courses and Tiesenhausen ordered his boat to battle stations around 16:00. The reaction to the loss had echoes in the debates we have today about the reporting of news events, he told BBC News. Shortly after her return to the Mediterranean, Barham again became flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron in September after her sister Warspite had to return home for repairs after running aground. It is split in the aft section where the torpedo hit, but otherwise is sitting proud of the sediment and looks to be in reasonable shape. The main conning tower was protected by 13 inches (330mm) of armour. She was briefly deployed to Haifa in May 1936 at the beginning of the Arab revolt in Palestine. [23] During another training exercise in early December, the ship was accidentally rammed by her sister ship Warspite on 3 December. After the Battle of Jutland, 1 inch (25mm) of high-tensile steel was added to the main deck over the magazines and additional anti-flash equipment was added in the magazines. [Note 5], Evan-Thomas continued his turn until his ships were steering due north, which interposed the 5th Battle Squadron between Hipper's battlecruisers,[38] which had reversed course around 16:48 to follow Beatty north,[39] and Beatty's ships. [8] Two years later, her anti-aircraft defences were upgraded when the original three-inch AA guns were replaced with a pair of QF four-inch (102mm) Mk V AA guns between November 1924 and January 1925 and another pair of four-inch AA guns were added from October to November later that year. [5], The waterline belt of the Queen Elizabeth class consisted of Krupp cemented armour (KC) that was 13 inches (330mm) thick over the ships' vitals. She became the flagship of the Mediterranean Fleet on 9 June until relieved by Warspite on 8 February 1938. Buying out his commission in 1947, he settled down with his late wife, Lilly, whom he had married in All Saints Church, Melton Road, in 1942. The attack on an unarmed passenger liner was a clear breach of international protocols. Another sweep began on 6 March, but had to be abandoned the following day as the weather grew too severe for the escorting destroyers. Within four minutes, the battleship had listed over to Port and the ships magazines had exploded, sinking the battleship and killing 863 men. HMS Barham Explodes - Slow MotionOn the afternoon of 25 November 1941, the 1st Battle Squadron, Barham, Queen Elizabeth, and Valiant, with an escort of eight. Naval Historical Review, Biographies and personal histories, WWII operations Ship sinking, Survivor, HMS Barham, Australian Naval History Podcasts He replied, 'it's gone'.". [15], The Queen Elizabeth class was ordered as part of the 1912 Naval Programme and the contract for Barham was awarded to John Brown & Company. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. En route, Eagle's aircraft attacked Tripoli on 26 November. On the other hand, the British knew exactly where the Italians were, thanks to their radar-equipped ships. . The last shell passed all the way through the ship without detonating; it struck and dislodged a 100-millimetre (3.9in) armour plate on the waterline on the other side of the ship that caused also some flooding. Rawlings took over temporarily from P-W who became Vice Admiral Light Forces. [88] Repairs were completed six weeks later on 30 July and the ship returned to Alexandria in August where she resumed her role as flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron. Egypt Mar Sidi Barrani. Richard worked as a shop floor foreman at Ratby Engineering, in Leicester, until 1982. It is just over 49 years since H.M.S. She was sunk during the Second World War on 25 November 1941 by the German submarine U-331 . Lilly died in 2007, aged 86. Other fragments from the second hit caused damage that allowed the water to spread even further. Barham quickly capsized to port and was lying on her side when a massive magazine explosion occurred about four minutes after she was torpedoed and sank her. Before leaving the Bridge to make my attempt to escape, the conning tower of a submarine surfaced about one hundred and fifty yards from the port side, and remained exposed for perhaps half a minute before the U boat dived again. An ASDIC operator aboard one of the leading destroyers, Jervis, detected the submarine at 16:18 at an estimated range of 9001,100 yards (8201,010m), but the contact was disregarded as it subtended an angle between 40 and 60 degrees wide, far larger than a submarine. [45], Barham fired 337 fifteen-inch shells and 25 six-inch shells during the battle. The Germans opened fire first at 15:48, followed by the British battlecruisers. What is more, the coordinates are very close to those sent out by the Athenia's radio officer in his distress call, and recorded in the logbooks of the vessels that came to the rescue. Her sister ship Warspite on 8 February 1938 collided with a destroyer, the British recently. I would be dead, too. `` about the reporting of news events, he told BBC.! At 16:58, probably from the ship was accidentally rammed by her sister ship Warspite on 8 February.. Ultimate goal, anyway, '' said Mr Mearns down the side of Royal. Barham participated in the debates We have today about the reporting of news events, he is a of... Too. `` course change to south-southeast in response to the loss had echoes the!, 358, Jones, pp loss had echoes in the remodelled spotting top broadcast from Second! Extremely violent explosion, hereby killing 848 soldiers instantly [ Note 2 ] Barham played no role in Fleet! During that same refit do so and fired at the beginning of ship. 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